Membrane exchangers are involved in numerous vital cell functions, such as excitability, excitation-contraction coupling, energy metabolism, pHi and volume regulation, development and growth. In a number of cardiac and neural pathologies, the intracellular Na+ ([Na+]i) is elevated. Since [Na+]i and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) are coupled through the Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX), these pathologies display disturbed [Ca2+]i handling. For instance, [Na+]i is increased in heart failure leading to NCX-mediated increase in [Ca2+]i, reduced contractility and increased propensity to arrhythmias. Pharmacological intervention with [Na+]i and [Ca2+]i homeostasis might prevent hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling, arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiac and cerebral ischemia. Using digital cell Ca2+ imaging with fura-2 AM dye in single human living cells, we offer assay for several Na+/Ca2+ exchangers, including Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX) and Na+/Ca2+ plus K+ exchangers (NCKX), and provide services to test effects of lead compounds on activity of these exchangers in both cell lines overly expressing NCX/NCKX and primary human cells.
Functional mode of a membrane Exchanger (NCX):
Price Structure of Membrane Exchanger Assay:
US$50 for 1 concentration to 1 single cell with 1 exchanger.
Related References to Membrane Exchangers:
Altimimi HF and Schnetkamp PP. Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchangers (NCKX): functional properties and physiological roles. Channels (Austin) 1: 62-69, 2007.
Gomez-Villafuertes R, Mellstrom B, and Naranjo JR. Searching for a role of NCX/NCKX exchangers in neurodegeneration. Mol Neurobiol 35: 195-202, 2007.
Janowski E, Day R, Kraev A, Roder JC, Cleemann L, and Morad M. beta-adrenergic regulation of a novel isoform of NCX: sequence and expression of shark heart NCX in human kidney cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296: H1994-2006, 2009.
Kiedrowski L. NCX and NCKX operation in ischemic neurons. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1099: 383-395, 2007.
Larbig R, Torres N, Bridge JH, Goldhaber JI, and Philipson KD. Activation of reverse Na+-Ca2+ exchange by the Na+ current augments the cardiac Ca2+ transient: evidence from NCX knockout mice. J Physiol 588: 3267-3276, 2010.
Louhivuori LM, Jansson L, Nordstrom T, Bart G, Nasman J, and Akerman KE. Selective interference with TRPC3/6 channels disrupts OX1 receptor signalling via NCX and reveals a distinct calcium influx pathway. Cell Calcium 48: 114-123, 2010.
Nam SJ, Han SH, Kim HW, and Hyun C. The cardiac biomarker sodium-calcium exchanger (NCX-1) can differentiate between heart failure and renal failure: a comparative study of NCX-1 expression in dogs with chronic mitral valvular insufficiency and azotemia. J Vet Intern Med 24: 1383-1387, 2010.
Szerencsei RT, Tucker JE, Cooper CB, Winkfein RJ, Farrell PJ, Iatrou K, and Schnetkamp PP. Minimal domain requirement for cation transport by the potassium-dependent Na/Ca-K exchanger. Comparison with an NCKX paralog from Caenorhabditis elegans. J Biol Chem 275: 669-676, 2000.
Winkfein RJ, Pearson B, Ward R, Szerencsei RT, Colley NJ, and Schnetkamp PP. Molecular characterization, functional expression and tissue distribution of a second NCKX Na+/Ca2+ -K+ exchanger from Drosophila. Cell Calcium 36: 147-155, 2004.